The Importance of Self-Awareness in Counselling - 2351 Words

------------------------------------------------- HOW DOES A COUNSELLOR DIFFER FROM A FRIEND? Folashade Oloniyo Abstract In this essay, the characteristics of a counsellor and a friend will be expanded upon in order to gain a greater knowledge for deciphering the two. We all have been in situations where we hit a brick wall in our life and are unsure of the next step or the next move to make. We have close friends to whom we can turn and reach out to, but in some situations, are they really our best option for help? Friends are needed for support on many levels, but on others, professional reinforcement may be of greater good. With that said, I challenge you the reader and ask the questions: What is counselling? How does a counsellor†¦show more content†¦I told her that as long as she keeps the door to her life open, he will continue to come back and let himself in. she says its hard, that she’s afraid to let him go and stand alone. My question to her was, ‘are you happy now? He sleeps with you when he needs a fix, but lives with another woman and their child. You can’t tell me that you’re happy. It may hurt for a while, but trust me; you’ll thank God that you did it in the end. I’m sorry about yo ur loss, and please don’t get upset when I say this, but I do believe everything happens for a reason. You should deem this your second chance.’ I could feel she didn’t like my delivery, but I also felt that I was heard. All I can do is hope and pray that my words solidify in the back of her mind.’’ As a counsellor, you have an obligation to remain objective and non-judgmental at whatever is said to you by your client. I can recall feeling slightly judgmental; I thought to myself that my client/friend was making completely unhealthy and unwise decisions. Her actions were so silly and desperate and completely opposite to how I would have acted. I attempted to transfer my views as diplomatically as possible, trying not to cause a wall of defense to be built. In an actual client and counsellor setting, this type of thinking definitely defies objectivity standpoints that counsellors should ensue. Objectivity isShow MoreRelatedThe Importance of Ethics in Counselling904 Words   |  4 Pagesspiritual values. Within the counselling profession however there is a strict ethical framework which must be adhered to. This framework has been developed over the years to insure integrity, confidentiality, and responsibility on the part of the counsellor. In this essay I will discuss briefly the importance of ethics within the counselling profession, I will also outline a few of the major ethical dilemmas that might possibly arise while working in the field of counselling. â€Å"The primary role ofRead MoreUnderstanding Counselling Theories1374 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Counselling Theories 1a The B.A.C.P (British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy) define counselling as ‘the skilled use of the relationship (between counsellor and client) to help the client develop self-knowledge, self-esteem and the ability to take control of his or her own life’. 1b Counselling is based on a therapeutic relationship, whereby the counsellor using their skills and knowledge to help the client to explore and understand their difficulties. This is done inRead MoreCounselling Skills977 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluate and monitor self in using a counselling approach. People who experience troubles can receive help for their problems in both formal and informal ways. An informal helping relationship can be as simple as a chat with a friend while offering advice and support. The counselling approach differs considerably form formal counselling which this essay will discuss. An informal helping relationship may involve counselling skills such as displaying good eye contact and body language, listeningRead MoreRoles and Functions of the Guidance Counsellor1482 Words   |  6 Pagesand out of the school system. Outside of the school system these professionals focus and interest is more on counselling and as a result are called counsellors. Guidance Counsellors form a part of the helping profession. They are professional helpers who have had graduate level training in the study of human behaviour, have a variety of helping techniques and supervised interships, counselling individuals and groups. Gibson and Mitchell (1999) describes a helping profession as one in which the membersRead Morecounselling theory essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Unit 2: Introduction to Counselling Skills Theories Theory Essay Written Introduction In this essay I will describe key elements of Psychodynamic theory, Person-Centred theory and Cognitive-Behavioural theory. I will also identify the key differences between the above theories. I shall also describe how counselling theory underpins the use of counselling skills in practise. I will then end with my conclusion. 1.1 Key elements of psychodynamic theory Dr Sigmud Freud (1856-1939), isRead MorePsychodynamic Counselling Overview Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesPsychodynamic Counselling – Overview. Psychodynamic counselling has a long history and vast literature to condense so only a brief overview is possible here – following on from the themes already discussed and with particular focus on four psychologists: Freud, Jung, Adler and Klein. â€Å"The primary purpose of psychodynamic counselling is to help clients make sense of current situations; of memories associated with present experience, some of which spring readily to mind, others which may riseRead MoreThe Theory Of Spiritual Disciplines Essay1613 Words   |  7 Pagescounsellors is a vital part of the counselling and it creates a new way of being and working which brings about meeting the client at relational depth. This is what Rogers described as touching the inner sprit of one another and transcending to something larger in which growth, healing and energy are more likely to be experienced (Thorne, 2003). Some of the most effective spiritual disciplines practiced by counsellors such as prayer, meditation, mindfulness and self-exploration are discussed in theRead MoreRelating to others1574 Words   |  7 Pagescomponent is self awareness. He also suggests that there can be a â€Å"shadow side† to helping, which can adversely affect the outcome of th e helping process. Sanders et al (2009, p.69) examines the importance of a helper’s self-awareness. Without self awareness and knowledge, we all have a tendency to repeat patterns of behaviour unconsciously. Therefore in order to ensure that sessions are client centred and not biased, it is important to achieve an insight and understanding of self. MotivationRead MoreThe Placement Agency I Have Been Working With Since August 2015826 Words   |  4 Pagesworking with since August 2015 is Global Skills. My placement contract entailed, co-facilitating a six week psycho-educational group therapy workshop on returning to work with confidence whose inherent purpose is to educate job seekers on building self-esteem and confidence (Sonia Online, 2015). Global Skills, are a contracted job services provider for the Department of Employment and Department of Social Services Employment Services System which operates in 18 locations across Sydney (Global SkillsRead MoreDeveloping Self-Awareness Is a Requirement for All Counselling Trainees. Why Might This Be so? Discuss the Benefits and Difficulties of This for the Trainee Practicing Skills in Triads.1911 Words   |  8 PagesDeveloping self-awareness as a counsellor is considered â€Å"central to many of the mainstream theoretical approaches† (Mcleod, 2009, p624). I will argue that without the development of self-awareness neither a trainee nor qualified counsellor can meet the core conditions set out in most theoretical approaches to counselling, congruence, empathy and unconditional positive regard. I will also argue that counselling trainees need to experience the role of client themselves before they can take others

The Problem Of Personal Identity Essay - 1759 Words

We normally have an idea of sameness over a period of time, and this is from the observation of certain objects that do not undergo any apparent change for a period of time. For example, we sometimes claim that an object at one time is identical to another at another time when in reality the two objects are little more than a succession of different objects that are just connected through close relation. In the justification of these absurd ascriptions of identity, we normally come up with a substantive notion of self through the feigning of the continued existence of our perceptions or we imagine the existence of mysterious things that bind our many perceptions together. Therefore, the problem of personal identity cannot be verbally disputed, and it, therefore, raises questions on what normally induce us to mistakenly attribute identity to something while it is a succession of objects and an instance of diversity. This invariability of human perceptions clearly shows that there is n o self rather the identity of a person is shaped by social factors. From the above argument, it is evident that Hume describes the human mind as being a type of theatre where †¦several perceptions successively make their appearance; pass, re-pass, glide away, and mingle in an infinite variety of postures and situations (Hume 301). For Hume movement from one perception to another is all that pertains to the self. When he conducted an experiment of his own mind, he was able to discover all thatShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of John Locke And The Problem Of Personal Identity1622 Words   |  7 PagesPHL 201 – Problems in Philosophy John Locke and the Problem of Personal Identity Personal identity, in a philosophical point of view, is the problem of explaining what makes a person numerically the same over a period of time, despite the change in qualities. The major questions answered by Locke were questions concerning the nature of identity, persons, and immorality (Jacobsen, 2016). This essay will discuss the three themes John Locke presents in his argument regarding personal identity, which areRead MorePersonal Identity: Philosophical Views1414 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal Identity: Philosophical Views Tim V Kolton Alan Watts once said, Trying to define yourself is like trying to bite your own teeth. The task of personal identity is to define a quality of a human which makes him or her a unique self. The person whose identity is in question must realize themselves, and other people must identify this person. In other words, what makes John unique from Bob? One must consider both internal (mind) and external (body) perspectives. ThereRead MoreEssay about Personal Identity: Philosophical Views1404 Words   |  6 Pages Personal Identity: Philosophical Views Alan Watts once said, quot;Trying to define yourself is like trying to bite your own teeth.quot; The task of personal identity is to define a quality of a human which makes him or her a unique self. The person whose identity is in question must realize themselves, and other people must identify this person. In other words, what makes John unique from Bob? One must consider both internal (mind) and external (body) perspectives. There are severalRead MoreIs Personal Identity in the Mind of the Beholder?795 Words   |  4 Pages Personal identity is a very controversial aspect of life. Who are we? What defines us? According to John Locke, psychological continuity is what defines our personal identity. Locke discusses the case of the prince and the cobbler to help shape his theory. However, I absolutely disagree with Locke’s theory. Locke’s theory of personal identity creates many problems, such as the duplication problem. By reformulating Locke’s theory of personal identity, we still come across these problems thatRead MoreThe Issue Of Personal Identity Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagestime then by what criteria do we determine their identity at different times? This is the issue of personal identity over time which continues to plague philosophers. What is it that allows me to say I am the same person today as I was yesterday or I wil l be tomorrow? Am I actually the same person? There has been no general consensus on the answer to this question. However many have proposed solutions to this question. When it comes to this hard problem of why persons last or persist over time thereRead MorePersonal Statement On Personal Identity1389 Words   |  6 PagesLocke talks about personal identity. In additionally, he also speaks of the survival of conscious after the demise of an individual. Locke also examines the criterion of personal identity though time. The norm specifies insofar. Locke maintains that personal identity is a matter of psychological continuity. Locker vividly considered personal self to be founded under consciousness, instead of substance of the soul or the body. Introduction The matter of personal identity as well as its determentsRead MorePersonal Identity : The Black Rose Killer988 Words   |  4 PagesCatholicism and he killed people on the side. He has the same identity because he is the same person and same soul, but is he really the same identity? He lives the life of two completely different people and does completely different things with those two different personalities. Mark Rowland’s essay of Personal Identity ties in perfectly with Brother Edward. Brother Edward is a person who would be a perfect applicant for theory of personal identity. According to Mark Rowland’s soul theory, each one ofRead MoreThe Concept Of A Personal Identity1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe concept of a personal identity develops as we grow. In this way, our identity shifts and changes because as we grow, we change. This evolution brings up the question of what makes up our personal identity. Is our identity qualitative in the sense that if we loo k the same as we did yesterday, we are the same? That theory has some overt problems in that twins, for example, may look identical, but they are not in fact the same person. Personal identity can be considered numerical in that we areRead MoreJohn Locke on Personal Identity906 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween them. What is it for A and B to be the same person. That is the issue of person identity. For example what is it for me to be the same person now and when I was a baby. Is that justified to be the same person? Why? How? Locke more or less invented this topic. He came up with a idea that was really impressively sophisticated, given that he started from scratch. He took the view that appropriate criteria of identity, that is what it is that constitute sameness over time, depends on the kind of thingRead MoreDescribe Locke s Account Of Personal Identity933 Words   |  4 PagesLocke’s account of personal identity, and explain how Schechtman’s notion of narrative might help solve the â€Å"breakfast† and the â€Å"brave officer† problems. John Locke’s account of personal identity is rooted in a general account of identity. The identity of living creatures â€Å"depends not on a mass of the same particles, but on something else† (Locke, 13). This is to say that our bodies are constantly changing and so is the substance that makes it. Before finding what personal identity consists of, it’s

Compare the ways poets have written about love, bringing out different aspects of the theme Essay Example For Students

Compare the ways poets have written about love, bringing out different aspects of the theme Essay There are endless ways in which love can be portrayed and occur. There are numerous types of love, whether it physical, emotional or romantic love. I intend to expand upon and highlight the various ways in which love an loss is portrayed in 5 selected poems: John Clares First Love, John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci, Robert Browning My Last Duchess and Christina Rossettis two poems Birthday and Remember. All of the poets portray love the concept of love or loss or both in relation to some; they all attempt to capture and express the presence of love and loss in the closest way possible. In First Love, the poet (John Clare) situates his poem as if telling a story. The story of a young boy who sees a beautiful young girl and falls in love with her the first time he sets eyes on her. The poet sets the scene and mood for his poem in the first few lines; an over whelming emotion of love which has overcome the young boy (John Clare as a child) as his eyes wander over to the beautiful young farmers daughter; whose complexion is like nothing he has seen before. I neer was struck before that hour With love so sudden and so sweet. The poet continues to complement this princess like figure whom he adores and loves compassionately; Her face it bloomed like a sweet flower And stole my heart away complete. It is made clear to the reader that the poet has fallen deeply in love with this young girl with out even getting to know her; totally dumbfound by her beauty. The young girl whom the poet falls instantaneously in love with is probably unaware of how compassionate this young boy feels towards her; thoughtlessly she waves away his physical state and walks away. Regardless of the fact that the young girl did not even acknowledging his presence the poet persists in complementing her beauty despite the fact that she did not even acknowledge his presence. Since the moment the poet-to-be set eyes on this fairy tail princess like figure; Clare is paralysed due to the over load of emotion which has overcome him and of such a level experienced for the first time, almost as if he is under a spell: My legs refused to walk away. The poet carries on to say Words from my eyes did start; as if due to the overload of emotion running through his body paralyzing him and making him dumbfound, the young boy desperately wants the girls heavenly eyes to meet with his, as if a sign to recognize him and his feelings towards her. Oblivious to the fact that the young girl still does not recognise his feelings towards here or his existence as a matter of fact; Clare carries on acknowledging his loss, and simultaneously emphasizes his undying love towards her and continuers to secretly admire her. The poet expresses his loss in such a way that the reader feels sympathetic towards him; secretly admiring and long a woman who does not even know he exists let alone his feelings towards her. Are flowers the winters choice? Is loves bed always snow? these two lines express his feelings of undying love towards his first true love and how he feels he should have told her how he felt; but alas it is to late, so he puts his feelings in writing in the form of a poem. The first line expresses his feelings of admiration and love towards her, where as the second line reflects nature to his love: the pale pureness of snow in reference to the beautiful princess life figure and the coldness reflects his feelings on how he should have acted to maker her recognise him. The second poem I have chosen to analyse; which also involves the concept of love at first sight ending in misery is John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci. In La Belle Dame Sans Merci the opening few lines set the scene; a cold autumns morning as a unknown pedestrian walks past lake finding a knight whom presumably spent the night beside the lake. As the pedestrian speaks to the knight, there is an eerie sense that a considerable time has passed since the knight decided to stay by the lake and when he was awaken; the poet decides to portray this by putting a lot of emphasis on the fact hat the season is drawing to an end: The sedge has withered from the lake, And no birds sing. The poet puts emphasis on the fact that the mere action of the knight was not common (sleeping rough by the lake on the opening of the autumn season) by having the pedestrian ask the same question twice in each of the first two stanza; O, what can ail thee, knight at arms. The knights only excuse is that of an affair with a woman so mysterious and yet beautiful whom he fell in love with the moment he laid eyes upon her faery like face; I met a lady in the meads, full beautiful a faerys child. The lateral translation of the poems title La Belle Dame Sans Merci can be translated as: The Beautiful Lady without Thank-you. The poet describes this Beautiful Lady as to have long hair and wild eyes. Although Keats uses emotive language to express the theme of love in his poem, the reader does not feel that the true essence of love is captured at all, although Keats comes very close, And there I shut her wild eyes With kisses four. In the nineteenth century poems about the physical love were abolished; so Keats uses a less direct approach, as he describes the knights wild night of passion, and describes there thrill as the knight; set her onhis pacing steed The character in the Keats poem has taken the essence of unrequited love to another level. In First Love only had a memory of his true love and treasures that memory; where as in La Belle Dam Sans Merci the character seemed to have also experienced physical. The two poems First Love and La Belle Dam Sans Merci differ in many of their physical attributes; first love is separated into 3 stanzas which each consist of eight lines, in contrast to of La Belle Dam Sans Merci which takes the form of a ballad. The origin of Ballads date back to the medieval times, which matches the time La Belle Dam Sans Merci was set in (knights and fairy like maidens. One of the possible reasons why Keats sets his poem in the past is to forget about Fanny Brawne; Fanny Brawne is Keats version of the girl in First Love. Like Clare, Keats was subjected to rejection and were both had shy personalities; and similarly both poets reflected something about their own past into their poem e.g. the young boy in First Love is John Clare himself. Due to the fact that John Clare was superior education wise; it gave him the advantage in producing a stronger impact and a more effective poem in rank of love theme than La Belle Dam Sans Merci: And this is why I sojourn here Alone and palely loitering Though the sedge has withered from the lake, And no birds sing As Keats takes the poem to another lever by carrying on the story which is situated within the poet; Keats travels further than Clare due to one main factor, the fact that Clare is telling a story of his experience of rejection as a child where as Keats hides his rejection behind the story of the knight. Furthermore Keats also elaborates more than Clare in the opening, setting the introduction in the form of the knights dream. Who is the real hero in Beowulf or Grendel EssayThe way the poet has structured the poem reflects the dukes personality; controlling and possessive, as he is the only one seeking throughout the duration of the poem, this emphasises the dukes view of social status, he is superior to the emissary therefore the emissary must listen to the dukes babbling on about his life. In contrast to Keats poem La Belle Dame Sans Merci both characters the knight and the pedestrian partake in their conversation; unlike the duke and the emissary. Whereas Keats ballad consists of emotive views on the romantic side of love and loss, in contrast to Brownings use of emotive language which emphasizes the aspect of love towards materialistic possessions; wealth, fine arts, etc. (the duke liked to think that he possessed his wife). The way the two poets; John Keats and Robert Browning structured their poems, a considerable difference appears. The love struck knight who would fight his way through a whole army of enemies and slay all the dragons he could find just for another glimpse of his fair maiden. Whereas the duke of Ferrara seems also unaffected when the topic of discussion turns in the direction of his late wife, the reader comes to the conclusion that the duke must have passed his period of mourning, doubting if it ever took place. The last two poems I have chose to analyse have been penned by the same poet; Christina Rossetti, A Birthday and Remember. The first of Rossettis poems I have chosen to analyse is A Birthday. In the poem A Birthday Rossetti conveys the aspect of love as an art; but not in the same way Robert Browning portrays the art of love in My Last Duchess. Moreover Rossetti portrays it as a feeling and a celebration of feeling such emotion; My heart is like a singing bird. Throughout the first half of the poem Rossetti expresses the joy of love, or the anniversary of love almost like a second birthday described in the most extravagant, natural and imaginative ways; My heart is like a rainbow shell All the ways Rossetti chose to describe love is in a fragile sense which can easily be broken like a loving heart; e.g. a shell can drop and smash into a million pieces a rainbow only comes if the conditions are perfect and goes ads quickly as it comes, an apple tree loses its beauty in the autumn and winter as it stands bare with no fruit or leaves; catching every one by surprise when it blossoms in the spring. Therefore the reader gets the idea that Rossetti has suffered loss in her life as if it was just too good to be true she lost he love as soon as she found it. Whereas in the second part of the poem the poet changes her view of love to more dramatic affecting aspects of love; the once fragile view of love transforms to that of a more lasting image possibly referring to the first true loss of love being the most devastating and damaging. Raise me a dais of silk and down; hang it with vair and purple dyes; Carve it in doves and pomegranates, And peacocks with a hundred eyes; The poet Rossetti chooses to use the aspect of nature as a reference toward love; this may be because of Rossettis first two heart aches due to love; she moved to the country to devote more time towards the things she feels passionate about and enjoys: poetry and the fine art of painting. In Rossettis poem A Birthday she used many of the themes, ethics and words which can be associated with a Pre-Raphaelite group which took form as the industrial revolution was at its peak. The Pre-Raphaelites were painters or writers belonging to or influenced by the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, a society founded in England in 1848 to advance the style and spirit of Italian painting before Raphael. Rossettis second poem under consideration is Remember. In contrast to Rossettis last poem A Birthday, Remember rather than celebrate the emotion of love it expresses it. Remember differs from all the other poems I have decided to analyse; it takes into consideration loss of love and the commemoration of it. This can be reflected to Rossettis own life when she lost a partner but remembers them dearly. In the opening lines the poet sets the scene buy going to a place where she cannot be followed by anyone especially her lover; Remember me when I am gone away, Gone far away into the silent land; In the second line here are parts of it which hint at the fact that the relationship may have ended as a consequence of the death of the male lover, thus the words Gone far away into the silent land with emphasis on the words into. The poet carries on to say: You tell me of our future that you planned: hinting at the fact that her lover made a major decision with out consulting her; therefore she says you planned putting her in the spotlight as a poor defenceless victim widowed by a decision he never chose to share with her; while she was dreaming of their future together which is shattered. On the other hand this poem could be the second part to Rossettis earlier poem A Birthday showing the reality of a relationship which can end as soon as it begins; like the changing of seasons, the summer comes and goes as if only a couple of days, opening up to a cold autumn breeze. The character in the poem (who is most probably the poet herself) is telling her lover not worry about her as id to rest in piece as she is near dearth herself; and she doesnt want him to remember her grieving; and to get on with his life. This last part is almost in reference to herself whom mourned her lovers absence or had got over him and moved on in her life. In contrast to the earlier poets ideas who all felt victimised with their loss; whereas Rossetti has come to live with her loss even though she may feel a little saddened by it. Both poems could be intertwined talking into consideration the theme they were written; A Birthday may be the beginning of a doubtful relationship and Remember a considerably time has passed since the relationship has ended. This can only be an assumption as we have no real insight on the poets private life style. Furthermore the moods in the poems differ considerably; in A Birthday the atmosphere is joyful and ecstatic whereas in Remember is sad and dull. In conclusion; all four poets express their unique ideas towards love at the time their poem is set. In First Love the young boy whom is known to be a younger John Clare; fells the incredible sensation of love for the first time in his life, in reference to the poems title First Love. Whereas in John Keats La Belle Dame Sans Merci the role character a knight who was left love struck by woman whom could be in relation to the lady of the lake as the bank of a lake and the final male poet Robert Browning whose poem My last duchess emphasises on the love for control, wealth, arts and pride. The final two poems both penned by Christina Rossetti A Birthday and Remember, each poem apposes the other, A Birthday resembling the joy of love and Remember signifying the loss of not just love but life as well.

Constitutional Safeguards in India Essay Example

Constitutional Safeguards in India Paper Constitutional Safeguards In India, the National Constitution of 1950 or any other Constitutional document does not define the word Minority. The Constitution only refers to Minorities and speaks of those based on religion or language. In the Constitution of India, the Preamble (as amended in 1976) declares the State to be Secular, and this is of special relevance for the Religious Minorities. Equally relevant for them, especially, is the prefatory declaration of the Constitution in its Preamble that all citizens of India are to be secured liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship and equality of status and of opportunity. The Constitution of India has provided two types of safe-guards -general and specific to safeguard various interests of the minorities. In the first category are those provisions that are equally enjoyed by both groups. The provisions ensure justice- social, economic and political equality to all. The second category consists of provisions meant specifically for the protection of particular interests of minorities. peoples right to equality before the law and equal protection of the laws; * prohibition of discrimination against citizens on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth; * authority of State to make any special provision for the advancement of any socially and educationally backward classes of citizens (besides the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes); * citizens right to equality of opportunity in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office under the State and prohibition in this regard of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. Authority of State to make any provision for the reservation of appointments or posts in favour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion of the State, is not adequately represented in the services under the State; * Peoples freedom of conscience and right to freely profess, practice and propagate religion subject to public order, morality and other Fundamental Rights; * Authority of State to make law for regulating or restricting any economic financial, political or other secular activity which may be associated with religious practice, and for providing for social welfare and reform; * Authority of State to make laws for throwing open of Hindu, Sikh, Jain or Buddhist religious institutions of a public character to all classes and sections of the respective communities; * Sikh communitys right of wearing and carrying of kirpans ; * Right of every religious denomination or any section thereof subject to public order, morality and health to establish and maintain institutions for religious and charitable proposes, manage its own affairs of religion, and own and acquire movabl e immovable property and administer it in accordance with law; * Peoples freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion; * Peoples freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in educational institutions wholly maintained, recognized, or aided by the State; * Right of any section of the citizens to conserve its distinct language, script or culture * Restriction on denial of admission to any citizen, to any educational institution maintained or aided by the State, on grounds only of religion, race, caste, language or any of them; * Right of all Religious and Linguistic Minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice; and * Freedom of Minority-managed educational institutions from discrimination in the matter of receiving aid from the State. Part IV of the Constitution of India, containing non-justifiable Directive Principles of State Policy, includes the following provisions having significant implicat ions for the Minorities: Obligation of the State to endeavor to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities amongst individuals and groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations; * Obligation of State to endeavor to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India; * Obligation of State to promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people (besides Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes; and * Obligation of State to take steps for prohibiting the slaughter of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. Part IV-A of the We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional Safeguards in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional Safeguards in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Constitutional Safeguards in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Constitution, relating to Fundamental Duties, applies in full to all citizens, including those belonging to Minorities and of special relevance for the Minorities are the following provisions in this Part: * Citizens duty to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; and * Citizens duty to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture. Some other provisions of the Constitution having special relevance and implications for the Minorities are: * Official obligation to pay out of the consolidated funds of the States of Kerala and Tamilnadu 46. 5 and 13. lakh rupees respectively to the local Dewasom Funds for the maintenance of Hindu temples and shrines in the territories of the erstwhile State of Travancore-Cochin; * Special provision relating to the language spoken by a section of the population of any State; * Provision for facilities for instruction in m other-tongue at primary stage; * Provision for a Special Officer for Linguistic Minorities and his duties; * Special provision with respect to Naga religious or social practices, customary law and procedure, and administration of civil and criminal justice involving decisions according to Naga customary law. * Identical special provision for the Mizos; and * Provision relating to continuation in force of pre-Constitution laws until altered or repealed or amended by a competent legislature or other competent authority - Constitution of India/Part IV Article 36Â  {Definition} In this Part, unless the context otherwise requires, the State has the same meaning as in Part III. - [edit]Article 37Â  {Application of the principles contained in this Part} The provisions contained in this Part shall not be enforced by any court, but the principles therein laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws. - [edit]Article 38Â  {State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people} 1. The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life. 2. The State shall, in particular, strive to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations. - [edit]Article 39Â  {Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State} The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing a. hat the citizen, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood; b. that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good; c. that the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and mean s of production to the common detriment; d. that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women; e. that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength; f. hat children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment. Article 39AÂ  {Equal justice and free legal aid} The State shall secure that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities. - edit]Article 40Â  {Organisation of village panchayats} The State shall take steps to organise village panchayats and endow them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government. - [edit]Article 41Â  {Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases} The State shall, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, make effective provision for securing the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want. - edit]Article 42Â  {Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief} The State shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief. - [edit]Article 43Â  {Living wage, etc. , for workers} The State shall endeavor to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, cond itions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operative basis in rural areas. Article 43AÂ  {Participation of workers in management of industries} The State shall take steps, by suitable legislation or in any other way, to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisation engaged in any industry. - [edit]Article 44Â  {Uniform civil code for the citizen} The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India. - [edit]Article 45Â  {Provision for free and compulsory education for children} The State shall endeavor to provide, within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years. - edit]Article 46Â  {Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections} The State shall promote with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and in p articular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation. - [edit]Article 47Â  {Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health} The State shall regard the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purpose of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health. - edit]Article 48Â  {Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry} The State shall endeavour to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle. Article 48AÂ  {Protection and improv ement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life} The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country. - [edit]Article 49Â  {Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance} It shall be the obligation of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, declared by or under law made by Parliament to be of national importance, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be. [edit]Article 50Â  {Separation of judiciary from executive} The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State. - [edit]Article 51Â  {Promotion of international peace and security} The State shall endeavour to a. promote international peace and security; b. maintain just and honourable relations between nations; c. foster respect for international law and treaty ob ligations in the dealings of organised people with one another; and d. encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

The Night Before Christmas Essays - Christmas, Christmas Traditions

The Night Before Christmas Essays - Christmas, Christmas Traditions The Night Before Christmas It was the prior night Christmas and I was exceptionally pitiful in light of the fact that my family life had been extremely upset and I was certain that Christmas could never come. There was none of the standard delight and suspicion that I generally felt amid the Christmas season. I was eight years of age, yet in the previous couple of months, I had matured enormously. Christmas had dependably been for me one of the blissful religious celebrations. The congregation began get ready path back in November. We truly felt that we were get ready for the introduction of the child Jesus. The youngsters and all the youngsters wanted to make vivid crepe paper adornments and beautify their homes and schools with them. Excellent Christmas music could be heard wherever in the city, on the radio and even on TV. It was the time when relatives and companions went to each other, so there were dependably individuals voyaging and chatting with incredible bliss from all the distinctive tribes. Goodness, how I wished I had a portion of the conventional sustenance of rice, chicken, goat, sheep, and products of different sorts devoured at Christmas now! Every one of us anticipated the Christmas Eve Service at our congregation. After the administration there would be a cheerful parade through the lanes. All through the festival, everybody was welcomed with the extraordinary welcome word, " Afishapa " which means Merry Christmas and Happy New Year. Everybody would be in an occasion mind-set. At that point on Christmas Day we did a reversal to chapel to peruse the sacred texts and sing songs to help us to remember the significance of the favored birth of the child Jesus. After the Christmas benefit youngsters got presents of extraordinary chocolate, unique treats, and exceptional wafers. Youngsters were informed that the presents originate from Father Christmas. They additionally got new garments and maybe new combines of shoes. We generally believed that these were the things that implied Christmas. I truly wish that those recollections were genuine today! In any case, this Christmas Eve things were distinctive and I knew Christmas would not come. Everybody was pitiful and frantic due to what had happened before in the year, in April, when the supposed Army of Liberation assaulted our town and took all the young men and young ladies away. Families were isolated and some were killed. We were compelled to work and walk for some miles without sustenance. We were regularly eager. The officers smoldered everything in our town and amid our constrained walk we lost all feeling of time and place. Amid one blustery night we were inexplicably ready to make tracks in an opposite direction from the troopers . Following a few weeks in the tropical woodland we advanced back to our wore out town. The majority of us were wiped out, depleted, and discouraged. The greater part of the individuals from our families were mysteriously gone. We had no clue what day or time it was. This was the circumstance until my debilitated grandma saw the rosy and yellow blossom we call, "Fire on the Mountain." It was sprouting amidst the commercial center where it had stood and sprouted for eras at Christmas time. For reasons unknown it had survived the fire that had immersed the commercial center. (I recalled how the nectar from this wonderful bloom had dependably pulled in bugs making them sufficiently tired to tumble to the ground to wind up nourishment for crows and reptiles.) We were astounded that the fire the fighters had begun that blazed the commercial center and the town did not oblite rate the "Shoot on the Mountain" tree. What a supernatural occurrence it was. My grandmother informed us that it was almost Christmas on the grounds that the flowers were sprouting. To the extent she could recollect this lone happened at Christmas time. My spirits were lifted for a couple of minutes as I saw the bloom. Before long I got to be tragic once more. How could Christmas come without my folks? How would we be able to celebrate after all we had endured? How might we be able to praise the introduction

Western Australia economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Western Australia economy - Essay Example The economy of Western Australia is rich in resources.The development of economy of this State has been highly influenced by resources boom since 1890s.During the past few years,the industry of Western Australia’s resources had enjoyed excellent conditions instigated by its prevailing commodities’ demand in the international market The objective of this paper is to evaluate the probable effect of the commodity market boom in the Western Australian economy’s sector of the iron ore. The iron ore production in the Western Australian economy explicates 97% of total production in Australia. Most of the iron ore produced in Australia is predominantly exported to Asian market. Following the speedy growth during the last ten years in mainland China, Australian iron ore’s export market has significantly developed in China. This information is evident from the export amount in the year 2010 that amounted to 70 percent of the total iron ore in Australia. The followin g diagram represents the export figures of iron ore from Australia to the Asian market as compared to the rest of the world2. Source: 2. Effect of Increase in Demand for Iron-Ore in Western Australian Economy The production factor of iron ore in the Western Australian economy is primarily dependent on the demand prevailing in the Chinese market for iron ore. Development in the Chinese construction and industry sector is the major cause of increased demand of iron ore in China. As a result of the demand prevailing in China for iron ore with the expectations of even higher demand in the near future, the prices in the Australian iron ore will attain all time high this year, i.e., in 2011. According to the market expectations in Australia, the spot market price on an average for iron ore in the year 2011 would increase to US$153-US$154 from US$146 in the year 2010. The expected price increase for iron ore is generated by the steel output in higher amount due to increasing demand in the growing economy of China3. Source:4 The above figure illustrates the production of crude steel on a monthly basis in different countries. The illustration reveals that the steel production in China has been the highest compared to other countries of the world. From meeting up the demand for iron ore from the Asian market, especially China, Australian manufacturers are producing iron ore by utilizing their maximum capacity for exports. In this scenario, production of the optimum level of output for satisfying the international market’s demand is a matter of concern for the Australian manufacturers of iron ore. As the demand at present in the Asian market is expected to remain constant or even increase in the coming 15 years, the only concern for Australian market is to bank upon the amount of production5. The theory of isoquants and isocosts is applicable for this Australian scenario regarding the production of the optimum quality pertaining to the prevailing demand in the Asi an market. A clearer prospect of the theories can be evolved after explanation of the input requirements in the commodity production with reference to the input demand and prices. The most important inputs for production of iron-ore in Australia are capital and labor. As the concern for the Australian market is to produce maximum amount of iron ore through finding the optimum combination of the inputs required for production, implementation of the concept of isoquants would be most helpful for the economy. An isoquant is that curve which depicts all efficient combination of inputs such as capital and labor by considering their technological efficiency. The quantity to be produced remains constant, but the combinations of

Literary analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Literary analysis - Essay Example When reading a poem such as â€Å"A Song on the End of the World† by Czeslaw Milosz, one has the option of learning the history behind the poem since the poem makes sense either way, but a great deal more meaning can be gleaned from it when history is taken into account. The poem presents a picture of what seems to be a very peaceful day. The author shows his readers the insects drifting over the flowers, the daily peaceful activities of the people as they mend nets, take leisurely walks, sell vegetables, consider napping on a green lawn, tend to their gardens and play music that greets the night time sky. Animals are present too as the birds play in some remnant rain water, a snake moves through the area and â€Å"happy porpoises jump in the sea† (4). There is nothing overly aggressive or threatening in the scene presented other than the author’s assertion that this is the day the world ended. In presenting these descriptions, the author works to use as few abstract terms as possible, giving the reader a sense that he is being very specific as to his subject. However, this is somewhat misleading as it becomes clear that none of these actions, each an indication of a quiet, small-town lifestyle, provide any specific detail as to where these actions are taking place. The closest he comes to providing actual specifics as to location is when he points to a â€Å"yellow-sailed boat† that â€Å"comes nearer the island† (11). The porpoises are ‘happy’, the bee ‘circles’ and the people are ‘disappointed’, but each of these abstract terms are given specific definition by their context within the poem. This confines the reader on the page and within the vision the author is bringing forward. The way in which Milosz wrote this poem seems to discourage people from looking beyond the text of the poem itself for meaning. Although some abstract terms are used, as has been discussed, they are used in specific ways that seem to